动物造模,后肢深静脉血栓模型,药效评价 z-bio 2024-05-22 1293

　　1. Animal model material: Male SD rats, weighing 300g; Medication: Sodium phenobarbital.

　　2. Method of modeling: SD rats in the experimental group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of phenobarbital sodium (75mg/kg). After abdominal skin preparation, the lower end of the inferior vena cava was separated from the bilateral common iliac veins through a white line incision. The inferior vena cava and bilateral common iliac veins were ligated with No.1 silk thread, and the abdomen was closed with absorbable suture. The control group underwent the same surgical procedures as the experimental group, except for placing silk thread around the vein without ligation. After surgery, animals are free to move and eat without anticoagulants.

　　3. Modeling principle: The main cause of venous thrombosis in this model is venous blood stasis caused by ligation, and the increase in blood coagulation caused by surgery may also be a contributing factor.

　　4. General changes after modeling Experimental group: Immediately after model preparation, the color of the hind limbs of rats first turned pale, then turned cyan purple, and the hind limbs became stiff. The temperature of the feet was low, and after 6 hours, cyan purple became obvious and began to swell. The temperature of the feet was still low, and the activity of the hind limbs was less. After 12 hours, the feet turned deep purple, and the foot temperature increased, but the activity was still less. After 2 days, the swelling of the feet was the most severe, but the cyan purple color gradually faded, and the activity of the hind limbs increased, But I can't stand yet. After 4 days, the swelling of both hind limbs begins to decrease, and both hind limbs can stand and move, but there is less walking activity. Until 8 days, both hind limbs remained swollen and increased standing activity.

　　Control group: At all time periods, there was no significant difference in the condition of both hind limbs compared to both forelimbs. After 6 hours of surgery, the patient was able to stand and walk, with no swelling in both feet, and no significant changes in color or skin temperature compared to before surgery.

　　5. Pathological changes after modeling and light microscopy examination: In the experimental group, incomplete thrombosis was observed in the femoral vein at 6 hours, with an incidence rate of 42%. There was no damage to the vein intima, and at 12 hours, there were more incomplete thrombosis in the femoral vein, with an incidence rate of 50%; Partial complete thrombosis, with an incidence of 17%, and no significant damage to the venous intima. At 2 days, there were still many incomplete thrombosis in the femoral vein, with an incidence rate of 67% and a complete thrombosis incidence rate of 25%. The venous endothelium was damaged, with some endothelial cells shedding and the subendothelial layer exposed. At 4 days, the incidence of venous thrombosis is 92%, mostly complete thrombosis, with damage to the venous endothelium, thrombus contraction, and adhesion to the venous wall. At 8 days, the incidence of venous thrombosis is 83%, and complete thrombosis is 58%. Some neovascular endothelial cells can form a maze and communicate with each other, causing the femoral vein to reopen. All time groups showed no formation of hind limb ulcers or necrosis or detachment of the toes in rats. At 6 hours, 12 hours, 2 days, 4 days, and 8 days in the control group, most cases did not show venous thrombosis. Only a few cases of incomplete thrombosis of the femoral vein were observed, and the incidence of venous thrombosis was 0%, 8%, 17%, 0%, and 8%. No significant changes were observed in the venous endothelium.

　　Electron microscopy observation: The ultrastructure of the femoral vein in the 6h and 12h experimental groups was similar to that in the control group. On the 2nd day group, necrosis of venous endothelial cells was observed, with some shedding; The subendothelial layer is exposed. In the 4-day group, adhesion of white blood cells to the femoral vein wall was observed, while in the 8-day group, infiltration of white blood cells into the femoral vein wall was observed.

　　6. Precautions: Surgical instruments should be strictly disinfected to prevent surgical infections and trauma