动物造模,精神分裂症动物模型 zi-bio 2024-03-04 802

　　Schizophrenia is a common severe mental illness in psychiatry, with a high disability rate and one of the most burdensome mental disorders. Its lifetime prevalence rate accounts for about 1% of the entire population. The etiology has not yet been elucidated. Currently, most studies believe that schizophrenia is the result of brain dysfunction caused by biological, psychological, and social environments, as well as their interactions. The establishment of animal models for schizophrenia is essential for advancing the understanding of the etiology and biological mechanisms of schizophrenia, exploring the mechanisms of action of antipsychotic drugs, and identifying and evaluating new treatment methods. Due to the unique human nature of schizophrenia, animal models cannot simulate the mental and psychological factors of patients with schizophrenia. The development and improvement of animal models face daunting challenges. Therefore, this article will provide a review of the research progress in this area.

　　Current status of animal model establishment

　　Animal models of schizophrenia can be roughly divided into three categories based on their induction strategies: pharmacologically induced animal models, developmental animal models, and transgenic animal models. Pharmacologically induced animal models use drugs to induce schizophrenia like symptoms. The dopamine hypothesis is the earliest hypothesis about the etiology of schizophrenia, which suggests that symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by excessive dopamine in the brain. It is a representative of this model to induce abnormal behavior of animals through psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine. Due to the inability of the hypothesis of dopamine neurotransmitter imbalance to fully explain the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, the hypothesis of glutamate imbalance has attracted widespread attention in recent years. Research has found that injecting NMDA receptor antagonist drugs into humans can cause behavioral symptoms similar to schizophrenia, including hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behaviors. Similarly, injecting such drugs into rodents can lead to behavioral changes similar to mental illness, such as sensory motor gating disorders, hyperactivity, social withdrawal, and learning and memory impairments. The report states that these behavioral abnormalities can be restored to normal by injecting some clinically available antipsychotic drugs. Therefore, it has become a powerful tool for elucidating the pathological mechanism of schizophrenia, testing the effectiveness of new antipsychotic drugs, and is also the most commonly used model building method in domestic and foreign research. Its representative drugs include ketamine, PCP, and MIA-801. Among them, MIA-801 can simulate both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia, so it has been widely used in model building research in recent years. This article will provide a detailed introduction to it. In addition, research has found that angiotensin is associated with the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia and is involved in the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs. This model is currently immature and rarely used in research.

　　The neurodevelopmental model is achieved by damaging the brain of newborn animals (especially by disrupting the development of the hippocampus), infecting fetal viruses, or disrupting the normal development of animal neurons. Animals may exhibit behavioral and neurobiological characteristics of schizophrenia in adulthood, which are consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia: adverse events during prenatal, perinatal, and postpartum periods may to some extent affect brain development, Symptoms appear 20 to 30 years later as the brain develops and matures. This type of model can be used to screen for new drugs.