动物造模,药效评价,外伤致瘀证 z-bio 2024-07-01 323

　　(1) Reproduction method: Adult rabbits were fixed on a rabbit platform, and a lever pressure device was used to apply 7.5kg of pressure on the inner thigh muscle of the right hind limb for 1.5 hours. The changes in muscle temperature, leg diameter, hind limb blood flow, conjunctival microcirculation, blood rheology, biochemistry, and radioimmunoassay, tissue pathology, X-ray angiography, etc. were detected.

　　(2) Model characteristics: After 1 day of pressure injury, the local muscle temperature on the injured side of the animal decreased compared to the healthy side, and the circumference and thickness of the thigh increased. After 3 days of pressure injury, the local swelling subsided. Limb blood flow detection shows that after 1 day of pressure injury, the amplitude of the photoelectric volume map and impedance blood flow map is significantly reduced on the injured side compared to the healthy side, and the blood flow of the femoral artery on the injured side is also significantly reduced; After 3 days of compression injury, the amplitude of the volume wave and blood flow graph remained at a low level, but the femoral artery blood flow significantly increased on the affected side, exceeding that on the healthy side. The microcirculation detection of the bulbar conjunctiva shows that after 1 day of injury, the outline of the blood vessels is mostly blurry, some are clear, and the blood color is dark red. The walls of the vessels are mostly not smooth, some are smooth, and the capillary network is hidden. The blood flow is slow, appearing as broken lines or granules, with exudation and some are bleeding. After 3 days of injury, there is some recovery. Hemorheological tests showed that after 1 day of injury, the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen significantly increased, while the prothrombin time and prothrombin time were significantly shortened. Some indicators returned to normal after 3 days of injury. Hormone testing in the blood shows a significant decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase and esterase. Pathological examination shows that there is high swelling in the local area after compression injury, with subcutaneous muscle bleeding and congestion edema, especially after 3 days of compression injury. The subcutaneous tissue is bleeding, edema and necrosis, with a large number of neutrophils infiltrating. The muscle fibers are swollen, degenerated and necrotic, and the horizontal stripes are blurred. Some muscle fibers are broken, and capillaries and small and medium-sized veins are dilated and congested, with red blood cells gathering and thrombosis forming. The glomerulus is swollen and congested to varying degrees, and red blood cells are scattered in the capillaries, with microthrombus. The cortical medullary capillaries and small and medium-sized veins are highly dilated and congested. In addition, corresponding vascular dilation, congestion, and focal bleeding were observed in organs such as the adrenal gland, lungs, and liver. The electron microscopy examination results are consistent with the above. X-ray imaging showed arterial stenosis and poor filling after compression injury, thickened veins, increased capillary beds, and soft tissue congestion in the hind limbs.

　　(3) Comparative medicine blood stasis syndrome is a common clinical syndrome, and it can occur in the course of many diseases. Long term illness often leads to blood stasis, and blood stasis syndrome is more common in chronic diseases. There are many clinical manifestations of blood stasis syndrome, and its common symptoms are local stinging and fixation. Symptoms include accumulation of lumps, blood stasis and ecchymosis, purple and dark tongue, as well as abnormal blood rheology observed during various examinations. Whenever a muscle rich area is subjected to prolonged (>1 hour) compression, local ischemia can cause both local and systemic reactions to the body. From the symptoms of this model, the local pressure injury, redness and swelling, fever and pain, refusal to press, local congestion and mass, hemiplegia and claudication of the limbs, and abnormal blood and blood vessels in the limbs all conform to the clinical manifestations of blood stasis syndrome; From an overall analysis, the main manifestations of blood stasis syndrome are microcirculatory disorders, abnormal blood rheology, excessive platelet function, decreased blood flow, abnormal immune function, biochemical metabolism, and so on. Most of the changes shown in the indicators of this model animal are consistent with the classic clinical and experimental indications of blood stasis syndrome, which better reproduces the various characteristics of blood stasis syndrome. The trauma method designed in this model is essentially a local muscle compression injury, which is a common cause of blood stasis in daily life such as earthquakes, work-related injuries, and traffic accidents, and has practical significance.