动物造模,药效评价,自发性白癜风 z-bio 2024-07-30 380

　　Some animals (such as chickens, rodents, dogs, cats, and horses) can be artificially induced to experience local depigmentation. These animals often have anti melanocyte antibodies in their bodies, with the most commonly used being Smyth line (SL) chickens and C57BL mice.

　　The SL chicken was first discovered by chance as a white hen in a brown line cage, and the markings on its wings indicate that it hatched brown. After repeated genetic selection experiments, Smyth found that SL chickens have different MHC antigens from their parents, and their three subtypes (SL101, SL102, SL103) each have one genotype of the parental MHC.

　　The C57BL mouse is an inbred strain of mice developed by Little in 1921, which is the offspring of female mouse 57 and male mouse 52 mating. The C57 with black fur is called C57BL, and there are subtypes such as C57BL/6, C57BL/6J, C57BL/10, etc. The C57BL/6J Ler vit/vit mouse is a homologous mutant line of C57BL/6J and a mouse model of vitiligo.

　　The occurrence of vitiligo in SL chickens is based on the inherent defects of melanocytes and the autoimmune basis against melanocytes, and the interaction of these two factors ultimately leads to the loss of melanocytes. SL chickens show depigmentation of feathers at 6-20 weeks, with a probability of 70% -90% of developing vitiligo. Under the microscope, depigmented feathers and melanin deficiency can be observed. When pigment loss occurs, it may be accompanied by varying degrees of alopecia areata like or generalized changes in appearance, similar to human alopecia areata. Observation showed that the infiltration of lymphocytes and cytokine expression levels increased in the affected area of SL chickens, and their expression returned to the initial level after complete loss of melanocytes. In addition, in the weeks leading up to depigmentation, anti melanocyte antibodies can be detected in the serum, which may destroy melanocytes through complement mediated pathways and antibody dependent cytotoxicity.

　　Adult C57BL mice have trunk melanocytes confined to hair follicles, and their hair follicle melanocytes only synthesize melanin. C57BL/6J Ler vit/vit mice can spontaneously develop depigmentation spots on the back and abdomen, and their hair gradually turns white. Similar to SL chickens and human vitiligo patients, depigmentation also occurs around the eyes of mice.

　　The pathogenesis of SL chickens is similar to that of humans in terms of genetics, immunity, and other aspects, making it a good animal model for studying human vitiligo. Widely used in the study of the pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, this animal model does not involve depigmentation of the epidermis and cannot be used for the study of skin vitiligo.

　　Similar to SL chickens, C57BL mice are suitable for studying the formation of mouse hair pigments and the interactions between cells (keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts) during hair growth. The research related to vitiligo mainly includes the regulation of hair follicle melanocyte proliferation and differentiation, the study of vitiligo discoloration, and the genetics of vitiligo in mice.