1. Modeling material animal: guinea pig, weighing 250-350g; Medications: Pentobarbital, Propranolol.
2. Modeling method: After anesthesia with pentobarbital 30mg/kg, open the chest, insert a left ventricular tube, and use LV dp/dt max as the index of cardiac contractility. Administer propranolol 5mg/kg intravenously for 1 minute, and then inject 0.2mg/min (0.1-0.2ml) at a constant rate intravenously to maintain a stable state of heart failure.
3. Modeling principle: Propranolol causes heart failure in animals.
4. After modeling, the animals showed signs of heart failure after injection.