动物造模,恐伤肾肾阳虚证动物模型 z-bio 2023-12-20 1302

　　(1) Reproduction method: Adult mice, cats, and dogs. Cats scare mice: Put mice and cats in the same large cage for 1 or 3 weeks, separated by a net, so that cats and mice can coexist day and night. One week old mice were placed in the morning and afternoon for 2 hours each day, and were euthanized after 7 days of the experiment. Three weeks old mice, cats and mice were allowed to coexist for 24 hours. During the experimental period, one live mouse was fed to the cat in the morning and one live mouse in the afternoon each day for public display. They were euthanized in the third week after the experiment. People scare cats: Threaten cats once a day in the morning and once in the afternoon, for about 0.5 hours each time, for 30 consecutive days. Firecrackers scare dogs: The dog is placed in a wooden circle that can only stretch its head and turn around. Long sharp nails are nailed to the wooden boards around the front, back, left, and right sides, with a spacing of 10cm between the nails. 300 firecrackers are set off above the wooden circle at 2pm every day for 30 consecutive days. Observe the general condition of the animal, and after execution, take tissue blocks such as testicles, adrenal glands, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, some pituitary glands, stomach, etc. for pathological morphological examination.

　　(2) Model characteristics: Cats scare mice: When they are with cats, the mice always show panic, jumping up and down, or competing to hide. It takes about 10 minutes for them to calm down slightly, but their expressions are tense, panting heavily, and the cat sometimes tries to catch the mice. The mice show a high level of vigilance. Whenever a mouse is caught by a cat, it often emits a dying scream, causing the three week group of mice to be extremely frightened, huddled together, and trembling all over. After one week, this fear expression slightly weakens, but the degree of free movement is far less than that of normal mice. Human Scare Cat: For the first 20 days, the cat was extremely frightened every time it saw the experimenter, jumping up and down, panting heavily, and restless until the experimenter left the scene. By the end of the experiment, 10 days before the experiment, the cat had transitioned from an excited state to a suppressed state of numbness, and even when the experimenter beat it with a wooden board, it remained motionless. In the last week, it basically refused to drink or eat, and was on the brink of death. Firecrackers scare dogs: Experimental dogs have different reactions to each time they set off firecrackers. Some dogs roar desperately, while others hide desperately, hitting nails everywhere. After 3 days, the dog's water and food intake begin to decrease. Some dogs start to cry after setting off firecrackers, while others bark uncontrollably every time there is a sound. After 2 weeks of the experiment, their water and food intake recover.

　　Macroscopically, the testicular capsule of mice and cats is intact, grayish white in color, slightly small in volume, tough in texture, and homogeneous and fine in cross-section; The testicular section of the experimental dog has a hard texture; The lungs of the experimental cat have some old hemorrhagic plaques, as well as some emphysema and atelectasis. Under the light microscope, it can be observed that in the first week group, some mice had vacuolar degeneration in the epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules, while in the third week group, the epithelial cells of the seminiferous tubules were decayed, structurally disordered, and cellular vacuolar degeneration. In some cases, there were intermediate lesions such as giant cell formation, eosin droplets, testicular interstitial edema, and fibrosis; The epithelial decay and structural disorder of the cat's seminiferous tubules are more severe, with a decrease in epithelial layers, a decrease in the number of mature sperm in the lumen, and a few cases of giant cell formation. There are many vacuoles and cell loss in the epithelial cells, and a decrease in PAS positive substances in the interstitial cells. Some seminiferous tubules enter the late stage, characterized by a reduction in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules, a significant reduction in the epithelial layer of the seminiferous tubules, and relative proliferation of interstitial cells; The dog testis shows early and mid stage pathological changes such as epithelial decay and structural disorder of the seminiferous tubules, decreased number of mature sperm, formation of vacuoles in the seminiferous cells, and mild interstitial edema. Electron microscopy examination showed that in the one week group of mice, vacuoles formed in the spermatogenic epithelial cells of the testes, especially in the spermatocytes. Mitochondria in the cytoplasm were swollen and denatured, while large areas of mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the testicular interstitial cells were swollen and denatured; The structure of spermatogenic epithelial cells in the 3-week group of mice is loose, with vacuolar degeneration inside the cells, especially in sperm cells. Mitochondria in the cytoplasm of interstitial cells in the testes are degenerated, and lipids are reduced. Under the electron microscope of the pituitary gland, the cytoplasm of cells such as gonadotropin cells is filled with vacuoles of varying sizes due to the high expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are swollen and degenerated, with necrosis such as nuclear lobulation and nucleolysis, and some hormone cells have significantly reduced particles, And some areas showed signs of bleeding.

　　(3) In the theory of emotional and pathogenic factors in comparative medicine, there is a saying that "fear harms the kidneys" and "fear without understanding harms the essence... the essence comes from the bottom". Shen Yan et al. established an animal model of kidney deficiency syndrome caused by panic injury based on this theory, mainly using methods such as cat scaring mice, human scaring cats, and firecracker scaring dogs. The most significant pathological damage was caused by damage to the reproductive glands, and similar methods include skin burn and suspension stress. This method utilizes long-term fear stimuli to induce a series of psychological, physiological, and pathological reactions in model animals, and analyzes that its pathogenesis may be due to the disorder of the relationship between mental, neuroendocrine, and effector, leading to structural, functional, and metabolic disorders. According to traditional Chinese medicine theory, the model created by this method should belong to the model of kidney essence deficiency. Whether it can develop into kidney yang deficiency syndrome due to prolonged modeling time still needs further exploration.