动物造模,药效评价,后肢深静脉血栓 z-bio 2024-07-25 482

　　1. Modeling material animal: Male SD rats weighing 300g; Drug: Sodium phenobarbital.

　　2. Modeling method: SD rats in the experimental group were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of phenobarbital sodium (75mg/kg), and abdominal skin was prepared. The incision was made through the midline of the abdominal white line, and the lower end of the inferior vena cava was separated from the bilateral common iliac veins. The inferior vena cava and bilateral common iliac veins were ligated with a No. 1 suture, and the absorbable suture was used to close the abdomen. The control group underwent the same surgical procedures as the experimental group, except for placing silk threads around the veins without ligation. No anticoagulants are needed after surgery, and the animals are free to move and eat.

　　3. The principle of modeling is that venous blood stasis caused by ligation is the main cause of venous thrombosis in this model, and the increase in blood coagulation caused by surgery may also be a contributing factor.

　　4. General changes after modeling Experimental group: Immediately after model preparation, the color of the hind limbs of rats first turned pale, then blue purple, and the hind limbs became stiff. The temperature of the feet was low, and after 6 hours, the blue purple color became obvious and began to swell. The temperature of the feet remained low, and the activity of the hind limbs was reduced. After 12 hours, the feet turned dark purple, the temperature of the feet increased, but the activity was still limited. Two days later, the swelling of the feet was the most severe, but the blue purple color gradually faded, and the activity of the hind limbs increased, but they could not stand yet. After 4 days, the swelling in both hind limbs began to decrease, and they were able to stand and move, but had less walking activity. Until 8 days, both hind limbs still swell and there is an increase in standing activity.

　　Control group: At all time periods, there was no significant difference in the condition of both hind limbs compared to both forelimbs. Six hours after the surgery, the patient was able to stand and walk, with no swelling in both feet and no significant changes in color or skin temperature compared to before the surgery.

　　5. Pathological changes after modeling: In the experimental group, incomplete thrombosis was observed in the femoral vein at 6 hours, with an incidence rate of 42%, and no damage was found to the venous intima. At 12 hours, incomplete thrombosis was more common in the femoral vein, with an incidence rate of 50%; Partial complete thrombosis occurs at a rate of 17%, with no significant damage to the venous endothelium. At 2 days, incomplete thrombosis still occurred in the femoral vein, with an incidence rate of 67% and a complete thrombosis rate of 25%. The vein endothelium was damaged, with some endothelial cells shedding and the subendothelial layer exposed. At 4 days, the incidence of venous thrombosis was 92%, mostly complete thrombosis, with damage to the venous endothelium, thrombus contraction, and adhesion to the venous wall. At 8 days, the incidence of venous thrombosis was 83%, complete thrombosis was 58%, and some neovascularization endothelial cells could form a labyrinth, communicate with each other, and reopen the femoral vein. No hind limb ulcers or toe necrosis or detachment were observed in all time groups of rats. At 6 hours, 12 hours, 2 days, 4 days, and 8 days in the control group, no venous thrombosis was observed in most cases. Only a few cases of incomplete thrombosis of the femoral vein were observed, with venous thrombosis incidence rates of 0%, 8%, 17%, 0%, and 8%. No significant changes were observed in the venous endothelium.

　　Electron microscopy observation: The ultrastructure of the femoral vein in the experimental group at 6h and 12h was similar to that in the control group. In the 2-day group, endothelial cell necrosis and partial detachment were observed; The subendothelial layer is exposed. In the 4-day group, adhesion of white blood cells to the femoral vein wall was observed, while in the 8-day group, infiltration of white blood cells into the femoral vein wall was observed.

　　6. Precautions: Surgical instruments should be strictly disinfected to prevent surgical infections, surgical trauma should be minimized, and aseptic operation should be strictly enforced.